HEATリピート

HEATリピート（ひーとりぴーと：HEAT repeats）は、多くのタンパク質に見られるリピート配列（構造）のひとつ^[2]。ひとつのユニットは、30-40アミノ酸残基からなり、2本の両親媒性ヘリックスが折り畳まれた構造をつくる。このユニットが数十回繰り返されると、弾力性に富むソレノイド状構造を形成する^[3][4][5]。

ヒートリピート
インポーチンβとインポーチンα IBBドメインの複合体の構造^[1]
識別子
略号	HEAT
Pfam	PF03810
Pfam clan	CL0020
InterPro	IPR001494
SMART	SM000913
PROSITE	PS50166
SCOP	1QGK
SUPERFAMILY	1QGK
利用可能な蛋白質構造: Pfam structures PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj (PDBsum) structure summary PDB 1QGK
(テンプレートを表示)

HEATリピートの名前の由来

HEATの名前は、このリピート配列を共有する代表的な4つのタンパク質の頭文字に由来する：Huntingtin (ハンチントン病の責任タンパク質ハンチンチン), Elongation factor 3 (EF3)（タンパク質合成伸長因子）, Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) A subunit（プロテインホスファターゼ2AのAサブユニット) , TOR1 (target of rapamycin)（シグナル伝達に関わるタンパク質キナーゼ）^[6]。

様々なHEATタンパク質とその構造

HEATリピートタンパク質の代表例として知られているものには、核-細胞質間輸送因子インポーチンβ (karyopherin βとも呼ばれる) ファミリー^[7]、コンデンシンやコヒーシンの制御サブユニット^[8]、セパレース^[9]、ATM (Ataxia telangiectasia mutated) やATR (Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related)を含むPIKKs (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related protein kinases)^[10][11]、微小管結合タンパク質XMAP215/Dis1/TOG^[12]とCLASP^[13]などがある。このようにHEATリピートをもつタンパク質の細胞内機能は多彩である。

これまでに、構造が解かれているHEATリピートタンパク質には以下のものがある。

• タンパク質修飾・分解
  • PP2AのAサブユニット^[14]とホロ酵素^[15][16]
  • SCFユビキチンリガーゼ複合体の基質識別サブユニットとの複合体形成を阻害するCand1^[17]
  • 26Sプロテアソームの分子集合に関わるシャペロンHsm3^[18]

• 核-細胞質間輸送
  • インポーチンβ^[1][19][20]
  • エクスポーチンCse1^[21]
  • トランスポーチン１^[22]
  • ヌクレオポリンGle1^[23]; Nup188^[24]; Nup192^[25]

• 転写制御
  • 基本転写因子TFIIDのTAF6サブユニット^[26]
  • TBP制御因子Mot1（Modifier of transcription 1）^[27]
  • 転写開始因子Rrn3^[28]

• 翻訳制御
  • 翻訳伸長因子eEF3^[29]
  • 翻訳開始因子eIF4G^[30]
  • アミノアシルtRNAの受け渡しを行うCex1p^[31]

• DNA修復
  • DNA-PK (DNA-dependent protein kinase)^[32][33][34]
  • ファンコーニ貧血原因タンパク質FANCF (FANCF)^[35]
  • 損傷DNA結合活性を有するAlkD (Alkylpurin DNA glycosylase)^[36]
  • PIKKsのコシャペロンとして働くTel2^[37]

• 染色体制御
  • コヒーシンサブユニットSA2^[38]/Scc3^[39][40]
  • コヒーシンローディング因子Scc2^[41][42]
  • コヒーシンローディング因子NIPBL/Mis4 + コヒーシンサブユニットSTAG1/Psm3^[43][44]
  • コヒーシン動態制御因子Wapl^[45][46]
  • コヒーシン動態制御因子Pds5^[47][48][49]
  • コヒーシンローディング因子Scc2^[41][42]
  • コヒーシン切断因子Separase^[50][51][52]
  • コンデンシンサブユニットCAP-G/ycg1^[53][54]
  • コンデンシンサブユニットCAP-D2/ycs4^[55][56]

• 細胞骨格制御
  • 微小管結合タンパク質TOG^[57][58]/Stu2^[59]

• 細胞増殖制御
  • TOR (target of rapamycin)^[60]

• その他
  • API5 (Apoptosis inhibitor 5)^[61]
  • V型ATPaseのHサブユニット^[62]
  • 全身性エリテマトーデスの免疫応答の自己抗原Ro^[63]
  • 細胞質ポリアデニル複合体symplekin^[64]
  • 癌抑制遺伝子Tsc1^[65]
  • COP9シグナロソームのサブユニット7（CSN7）^[66]
  • PI4キナーゼStt4複合体のサブユニットEFR3^[67]
  • レンズ上皮由来増殖因子LEDGFのIBD (HIV-1 integrase binding domain)^[68]

類似の構造をもつリピート配列

HEATリピートと類似の構造をもつリピート配列として、アルマジロリピート（Armadillo [ARM] repeat）^[69]、やPUFリピート（Pumilio/fem-3 mRNA binding factor [PUF] repeat^[70][71]）がある。

引用文献

[脚注の使い方]

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